15 Best Churches in Italy: Must-See Basilicas & Cathedrals

Home to approximately 100,000 churches, Italy is one of the countries with the highest number of churches in the world. With their long and glorious history, these churches hold great significance in both religion and culture.

Here, I would like to introduce the top 15 churches that must-see in Italy, including basilicas (churches granted special status by the Pope), cathedrals (the principal churches of a diocese, where a bishop resides), chapels (small places of worship, often within a larger church or palace) and parish churches known for their brilliant art and exquisite architecture.

15 Best Churches in Italy

St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro), Rome

Located in Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica is the greatest and largest church in Christendom and one of the four papal basilicas in Rome. Its significance speaks for itself: every painting, sculpture, and even every brick has a story to tell.

The Dome (Cupola di San Pietro)

Designed by Michelangelo, this magnificent structure dominates the Vatican skyline and offers breathtaking panoramic views of Rome.

La Pietà

The stunning marble gem by Michelangelo, La Pietà, is located in the first chapel on the right as you enter the basilica, depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the body of Christ.

The Tomb of St. Peter

Situated beneath the Papal Altar, this site is traditionally believed to be the final resting place of St. Peter, one of Christ's apostles and the first Pope.

Sistine Chapel, Rome

Famous for Michelangelo's paintings, the Sistine Chapel is located within the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City. You don't need to be an artist to appreciate its beauty - you'll feel like one after seeing the masterpieces on the chapel's barrel-vaulted ceiling.

Papal Conclave

Popes are still elected here during the secretive papal conclave, a centuries-old tradition.

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Covering over 500 square meters, Michelangelo's frescoes depict nine scenes from the Book of Genesis, including the iconic Creation of Adam.

The Last Judgment

A monumental wall fresco by Michelangelo, showcasing the pinnacle of Italian High Renaissance painting.

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

St. John Lateran (Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano), Rome

Rome owns over 900 churches, which makes it difficult to visit all of them. But St. John Lateran is one you shouldn't miss. Known as the "Mother of All Churches", it is the oldest of the four papal basilicas and serves as the official cathedral of the Pope.

The Holy Stairs (Scala Santa)

A set of 28 white marble steps, believed to be those Jesus climbed on his way to his trial before Pontius Pilate. Pilgrims ascend these stairs on their knees to show their devotion.

The Lateran Baptistery

Built in the early 4th century, it is one of the oldest baptisteries in the world, and once was used for the baptism of Roman emperors.

The Apse Mosaics

The sparkling mosaics in the massive apse depict Christ, the Virgin Mary, saints, angels, and the symbolic creatures of the Four Gospels (a lion, an ox, a man, and an eagle), highlighting the finest examples of Byzantine art in Rome.

Basilica of Saint Mary Major (Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore), Rome

As the largest Marian church in Rome, Saint Mary Major is one of the four major papal basilicas. It is also the first Marian sanctuary in the Western world and one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome.

The Highest Bell Tower in Rome

Located on the Esquiline Hill, Santa Maria Maggiore boasts the highest bell tower in Rome, offering an impressive view of the city.

Architectural Marvel

Combining early Christian architecture with 5th-century golden mosaics and 13th-century Baroque elements, the basilica is a stunning blend of different artistic styles. Its intricate details and impressive Gothic-style interior captivate visitors from around the world.

The Holy Crib Relic (Reliquary of the Nativity)

Santa Maria Maggiore also houses wooden fragments of the Nativity crib of Jesus, which are displayed in the crypt of the basilica. It is a significant pilgrimage site for many believers, especially during Christmas.

Recommended Tour Itinerary

Italy Vacation from Rome to Milan 8 DAYS Explore This Tour

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura), Rome

Known as one of the four major papal basilicas in Rome, the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls was built over the burial site of Saint Paul the Apostle and has been a significant pilgrimage site for centuries.

The Tomb of Saint Paul

Located beneath the main altar, the tomb has been confirmed as authentic by archaeologists. This sacred relic makes the basilica one of the most important pilgrimage destinations in Rome.

The Cloister of the Benedictine Monastery

Considered one of the most beautiful cloisters in Rome, this 13th-century structure presents exquisite carvings and ornate mosaics, reflecting the elegance of medieval craftsmanship.

Portraits of Popes

A unique characteristic of the basilica is a long series of portraits of all the popes, from Saint Peter to the present, displayed along the walls.

The Pantheon (Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs), Rome

Originally built as a pagan temple, the Pantheon was converted into a Christian church in 609 AD. After nearly 2,000 years, it remains one of the best-preserved monuments of ancient Rome.

The Dome

An architectural jewel, the Pantheon's dome spans 43.3 meters in diameter, making it the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world. Natural light streams through its central oculus, illuminating the vast interior.

The Tombs of Raphael and Italian Kings

The Pantheon houses the tombs of Raphael, the celebrated Renaissance artist, as well as Italian kings Victor Emmanuel II and Umberto I.

The Grand Corinthian Columns

Made of Egyptian granite and each standing at 12 meters high, the 16 massive Corinthian columns showcase the engineering brilliance of Ancient Rome.

Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore)

As the cradle of the Renaissance, Florence is home to some of the most outstanding churches in the world. Florence Cathedral (Florence Duomo) is one of them and stands as the city's most iconic landmark.

Brunelleschi's Dome

The genius architect Filippo Brunelleschi solved the challenge of how to build such a massive dome without scaffolding. This dome becomes the defining symbol of Florence.

Bell Tower (Giotto's Campanile)

Giotto's Campanile is a prime example of Florentine Gothic style. Climbing its 414 steps rewards you with breathtaking panoramic views of Florence.

Florence Baptistery (Baptistery of Saint John)

Standing in front of the cathedral, the Baptistery of St. John is masterwork of Italian Romanesque architecture, well-known for its magnificent Gates of Paradise, a set of gilded bronze doors designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Florence Cathedral

Basilica of the Holy Cross (Basilica di Santa Croce), Florence

Known as the "Temple of the Italian Glories," the Basilica of the Holy Cross is a treasure trove of art, history, architecture, and culture.

Tombs of Famous Figures

The basilica houses the tombs of some of Italy's most prominent figures, including the great Renaissance artist Michelangelo Buonarroti and the pioneering astronomer Galileo Galilei. It also displays a memorial to the poet Dante Alighieri.

Art and Architecture

With its striking Gothic facade made of colored marble, the basilica features stunning frescoes by Giotto and Taddeo Gaddi, as well as sculptures by Donatello, making it a masterpiece of Renaissance art.

Crucifix by Cimabue

Damaged by the devastating 1966 Florence flood, Cimabue's Crucifix is now displayed in the Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce, serving as a poignant reminder of the city's artistic heritage.

Basilica of San Lorenzo (Basilica di San Lorenzo), Florence

As one of the oldest churches in Florence, the Basilica of San Lorenzo was the parish church and the burial place of the Medici family. It offers a glimpse into the opulence and influence of the dynasty that shaped Florence's history.

Medici Chapels

Built between the 16th and 17th centuries as an extension of the basilica, the Medici Chapels, including the Chapel of the Princes and the New Sacristy, were designed by Michelangelo.

Old Sacristy

Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, the Old Sacristy is a prime example of early Renaissance architecture, featuring a harmonious geometric layout and elegant proportions.

Laurentian Library

Designed by Michelangelo, the Laurentian Library is an architectural marvel known for its grand staircase and innovative use of space. It houses an extensive collection of rare manuscripts owned by the Medici family.

Recommended Tour Itinerary

Classic Tour of Italy: Rome, Florence, Venice 8 DAYS Explore This Tour

Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Nearby the city's main railway station, the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella is a Dominican church, serving as a center for preaching and religious education during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

Masaccio's Trinity

Depicting the Holy Trinity with the Virgin Mary, St. John, and two donors, this fresco is one of the earliest and finest examples of linear perspective in art, revolutionizing Renaissance painting by creating the illusion of depth and space.

Spanish Chapel (Cappellone degli Spagnoli)

The Spanish Chapel was originally the chapter house of the Dominican convent and adorned with 14th-century frescoes by Andrea di Bonaiuto, which show themes related to Dominican theology, the Church, and the path to salvation.

Green Cloister (Chiostro Verde)

The Green Cloister features remarkable 14th-century frescoes by Paolo Uccello, portraying scenes from the Old Testament, including the Story of Noah and the Creation of Adam.

Milan Cathedral (Duomo di Milano), Milan

The magnificent Milan Cathedral is the largest Gothic cathedral in Italy and one of the biggest churches in the world. Taking nearly six centuries to complete this masterwork, this architectural magnum opus stands as the iconic landmark of Milan.

The Rooftop Terraces

By climbing or taking an elevator to the rooftop, you can walk among the serried spires and appreciate the spectacular scenery of Milan and, on clear days, the Alps beyond.

The Stained Glass Windows

The cathedral's massive stained glass windows cast colorful light into the interior, illuminating the stories of saints and biblical events.

The Sundial and Meridian Line

Embedded in the floor of the cathedral, this sundial is marked with zodiac signs. At noon, a beam of sunlight enters through a hole in the roof and aligns with the sundial, which was historically used to tell time.

Milan Cathedral

St Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco), Venice

Located in Piazza San Marco, St. Mark's Basilica is one of the finest examples of well-preserved Byzantine art, uniquely reflecting influences from Constantine's Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople. And, of course, it is the landmark of Venice.

Golden Mosaics

Covering over 8,000 square meters, the dazzling golden mosaics adorn the interior of St. Mark's Basilica, creating an unbelievable spectacle as light reflects off their surfaces.

The Pala d'Oro

This exquisite Byzantine altarpiece, encrusted with gold and thousands of precious stones, is considered one of the finest examples of medieval goldsmithing.

Bell Tower (Campanile di San Marco)

Standing about 100 meters high, the independent bell tower next to the basilica is one of the tallest structures in Venice. You can ascend to the observation deck for a 360-degree panoramic view of the basilica's domes, the lagoon, and the entire city of Venice.

St Mark's Basilica

Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi (Basilica di San Francesco d'Assisi), Umbria

Dedicated to Saint Francis, the founder of the Franciscan Order, the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi is a major pilgrimage destination and a UNESCO World Heritage site in Assisi, Umbria.

Upper Basilica (Basilica Superiore)

The basilica consists of two churches built on top of each other. The Upper Basilica is characterized by pointed arches, large stained glass windows, and a bright, airy interior. The walls and ceilings are adorned with a famous cycle of frescoes attributed to Giotto, depicting scenes from the life of St. Francis.

Lower Basilica (Basilica Inferiore)

The Lower Basilica has a more somber and intimate atmosphere, with low vaulted ceilings and dim lighting. It is adorned with intricate medieval frescoes by Cimabue, Simone Martini, and Pietro Lorenzetti, showcasing early Renaissance art.

The Tomb of Saint Francis

As a humble preacher who embraced a life of simplicity, Saint Francis rests in a modest stone sarcophagus in the crypt of the Lower Basilica. An ironic contrast to the grandeur of the church built in his honor.

Recommended Tour Itinerary

Scenic Road Trip with Tuscany & Umbria 8 DAYS Explore This Tour

Palermo Cathedral (Cattedrale di Palermo), Sicily

Palermo Cathedral is not just a church but a center of Palermo's art, culture, and spirit. With a striking blend of architectural styles, this church in Sicily reflects the city's diverse cultural influences, from Norman and Gothic to Moorish and Baroque.

Royal Tombs

The cathedral houses the tombs of several Sicilian kings and emperors, including Roger II, the first King of Sicily, and Emperor Frederick II. Their elaborately decorated sarcophagi highlight the fusion of Norman and classical influences.

Treasure of the Cathedral

An impressive collection of religious artifacts, including vestments, frontals, monstrance, chalices, and the gold crown of Constance of Aragon, is well-preserved within the cathedral.

The Roof Terraces

From the rooftop, visitors can enjoy spectacular panoramic views of Palermo's historic center, the surrounding mountains, and the Mediterranean Sea.

Recommended Tour Itinerary

Stunning Sicily Tour 8 DAYS Explore This Tour

Siena Cathedral (Duomo di Siena), Tuscany

Boasting an intricate black-and-white striped marble facade, Siena Cathedral is one of the most remarkable Gothic churches in Italy. Whether you're an architecture enthusiast, history buff, or spiritual seeker, this cathedral is a must-visit destination in Tuscany.

The Facade

The cathedral's striking facade, made of white, green, and red marble, is a fine example of Italian Gothic style. Designed by Giovanni Pisano, it features intricate carvings and statues of prophets, philosophers, and biblical figures.

The Interior & Marble Floor

Inside, the cathedral is just as breathtaking, with alternating black-and-white marble columns and a coffered ceiling decorated with golden stars. The floor is a true masterpiece, consisting of 56 intricate marble inlays that depict biblical and allegorical scenes.

Piccolomini Library

A hidden gem within the cathedral, the Piccolomini Library is adorned with vibrant frescoes by Pinturicchio, illustrating the life of Pope Pius II. Its richly decorated ceiling, painted in gold and deep blue, adds to the library's grandeur.

Recommended Tour Itinerary

Treasures of Tuscany: Florence, Siena, Pisa & Lucca 8 DAYS Explore This Tour

Useful Tips for Church Visiting

Be Prepared for Holy Doors During Jubilee Years

The Holy Doors of the four major papal basilicas only open during Jubilee Years, a Catholic holy year that occurs every 25 years. The next Jubilee Year will begin on Christmas Eve, 2024, and end on January 6, 2026. If you visit during this time, expect longer queues due to the large number of pilgrims.

Respect the Sacred Atmosphere

Respect different religious customs and refrain from discussing religious topics in public. Keep your voice low, switch your phone to silent mode, and follow posted signs. Certain areas may be restricted to clergy or worshippers, so be mindful of where you explore.

Follow Dress Code and Visiting Hours

Many churches have strict dress codes and designated visiting hours. Visitors should cover their shoulders and knees, especially when entering major basilicas like St. Peter's Basilica and Florence Cathedral. Some churches allow tourists during religious services, while others may limit access during Mass.